Dog epilepsy is a neurological condition that affects dogs much like it does humans. It is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. While it can be scary to see your dog experience a seizure, understanding the condition is the first step toward managing it effectively.
This post will look at what dog epilepsy is, how it is diagnosed, treatment options for your dog, and management of the condition at home.
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Disclaimer: This post is meant to be informative and should not be taken as medical advice. Talk to your veterinarian regarding any health concerns you may have for your dog.
What Is Dog Epilepsy?
Epilepsy in dogs is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. It’s important for you as a pet parent to recognize the causes and types of seizures to manage your dog’s condition effectively.
Seizures in dogs are classified into different types, each with distinctive characteristics and triggers. If your dog is experiencing seizures, they might exhibit various symptoms before an episode, such as appearing anxious or seeking more attention than usual. It’s important to note that seizures are not the same as fainting spells, which are generally caused by cardiovascular events, whereas seizures are neurologic events.
What Are The Causes of Epilepsy in Dogs?
The causes of epilepsy in dogs can be complex. Genetics are believed to play a significant role, with some breeds being more predisposed to the condition than others. Factors other than heredity, such as electrolyte or blood abnormalities, exposure to toxins, head injuries, or underlying health issues, can also contribute. Given the complexity of this disorder, professional assessment by a veterinarian is important for a correct diagnosis and treatment plan.
What Are The Symptoms Of Dog Epilepsy?
Symptoms of dog epilepsy may include uncontrolled movements and/or behavioral changes:
Uncontrolled Movements
If your dog displays any signs of uncontrolled movements, like violent shaking or trembling, they may be experiencing seizures. Their body and limbs may stiffen or move in a paddling motion. They may also chew, drool, urinate or defecate during a seizure.
Behavioral Changes
Look for signs like temporary confusion or a dazed appearance, which can indicate behavior after a seizure.
What Are The Types of Seizures Dogs Can Get?
There are three types of seizures your dog may experience if they have epilepsy including generalized seizures, focal seizures, and psychomotor seizures:
Grand Mal or Generalized Seizures:
These types of seizures can affect the entire brain. Your dog may experience convulsions and/or a loss of consciousness.
Your dog may fall onto their side with their limbs extended and they may become stiff when convulsing. They may also urinate, defecate, or drool while having a seizure.
All epileptic seizures are considered to be grand mal seizures, but not all grand mal seizures are epilepsy.
Partial or Focal seizures
These types of seizures can begin in a specific part of the brain. They may cause unusual movements in one limb or one side of the body.
Psychomotor Seizures or Complex Focal Seizures
This is a behavioral seizure and can cause odd behaviors, such as suddenly chasing their tail or attacking an imaginary object.
By familiarizing yourself with these aspects of dog epilepsy, you can provide better care and a supportive environment for your pup.
What Are The Phases Of A Seizure?
There are three phases your dog will experience when they have a seizure: the aura phase, ictal phase, and the post ictal phase.
Aura Phase
This is a pre-seizure phase. Your dog may appear frightened or anxious during this phase because they can sense that the seizure is coming.
Ictal Phase
This phase is the actual seizure, which usually lasts about 1-2 minutes.
Post Ictal Phase
This is after the seizure ends. Your dog may seem disoriented or blind during this phase. It can last anywhere from a few minutes to hours.
How Is Epilepsy in Dogs Diagnosed?
If your dog exhibits unusual behaviors that may suggest seizures, it’s important to get an accurate diagnosis to determine if epilepsy is the underlying condition. Having your dog examined by your veterinarian is very important. They can perform various tests to determine what is going on with your dog and if they may have epilepsy. A diagnosis of epilepsy is usually made after other conditions have been ruled out.
A blood test may be performed on your dog by your veterinarian. This test may include:
- Complete Blood Cell Count (CBC): This test checks your red and white blood cells for various conditions, like anemia or dehydration.
- Blood Chemistry Panel: To assess organ function and electrolyte levels.
Advanced Diagnostics
Your veterinarian may order several other tests to determine your dog’s health condition such as:
- Neuroimaging: Techniques like computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be performed to look for brain abnormalities.
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis: Used to rule out infections or inflammation that could cause seizures.
Your veterinarian may also suggest your dog see a veterinary neurologist to evaluate your dog as well.
What Are Treatment Options for Dog Epilepsy?
Effective management of dog epilepsy relies on a tailored approach that may include medications, diet and lifestyle adjustments, and supplementary alternative therapies.
Medications for Managing Seizures
Your veterinarian might prescribe anticonvulsants as the first line of treatment to control the frequency and severity of your dog’s seizures.
Diet and Lifestyle Changes
Consistent feeding times and a calm environment may also contribute to the overall reduction of seizure occurrences.
Alternative Therapies and Supplements
Additionally, some dogs may benefit from acupuncture or herbal supplements like cannabidiol (CBD) oil. Though the research on alternative therapies is still emerging, they could provide support to traditional treatment plans. Always discuss such options with your veterinarian before starting any new treatment.
Living with an Epileptic Dog
Caring for a dog with epilepsy requires specific knowledge on seizure management, emergency response, and available support resources. Your approach can lead to a fulfilling life for both you and your dog despite the diagnosis.
Managing Seizures at Home
Seizure Tracking
Keeping track of your dog’s seizures, with dates, times, duration of the seizures, and anything that may have triggered them is important to help your veterinarian provide the best treatment plan for your dog. Videotaping a seizure can also help your veterinarian with their treatment plan.
Medication Adherence
Consistency in administering prescribed anti-epileptic drugs is important. Use alarms or app reminders to maintain this consistency.
Environment Safety
Reduce household risks. Provide a soft space free of sharp objects where your dog can have seizures without injury.
Emergency Preparedness
It is important to be prepared if your dog experiences an epileptic emergency. According to the Canine Epilepsy Network, an epileptic emergency consists of:
- One seizure lasting more than 5 minutes
- Cluster seizures, which means one seizure rolls into another, causing repeated back-to-back seizures. This can be life-threatening.
- More than 3 seizures in a 24-hour period
Seizure Protocol
Have a clear plan in place for when a seizure occurs. Include steps like timing the seizure, ensuring your dog’s safety by clearing the area, and knowing when to call for veterinary help.
Veterinary Contact Information
Always have your veterinarian’s contact information readily accessible.
First Aid Supplies
Have a kit of essential supplies like blankets for warmth, water for hydration, and a thermometer to check for fever post-seizure.
Support and Resources for Pet Parents
You can also find support from online communities, professional counseling, and other resources.
Online Communities
Social media groups can help provide support and advice for pet parents dealing with epilepsy.
Professional Counseling
Seek support of a professional therapist who is familiar with pet related issues if things become overwhelming for you.
Education
Stay informed about dog epilepsy. Rely on resources from reputable organizations and seek advice from your veterinarian.
For more information on canine epilepsy: Cornell Richard P. Riney Canine Health Center, information on medications used to treat canine epilepsy: Merck Veterinary Manual.
Having your pup be diagnosed with dog epilepsy may seem scary and overwhelming at first. It is important to know that there is no cure for dog epilepsy, but it can be managed. Provide your dog with a calm, stress free environment, keep them on their medication, and monitor their symptoms. With proper treatment, dogs with epilepsy can live a normal life with a normal lifespan.
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