Dog eczema, often referred to as canine atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition that affects dogs. As a pet parent, you might notice your dog excessively scratching, licking, or chewing their skin, which can be signs of discomfort due to this condition.
This post will look at what dog eczema is, its causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of the condition.
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Disclaimer: This post is meant to be informative and should not be taken as medical advice. Talk to your veterinarian regarding any health concerns you may have for your dog.
What Is Dog Eczema?
Dog eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin condition in dogs that manifests as an itchy rash that can sometimes lead to more severe reactions if left untreated.
What Are The Causes of Eczema in Dogs?
The causes of dog eczema are varied, comprising both internal and external factors. While some dogs may have a genetic predisposition to atopic dermatitis, external elements such as environmental allergens also play a significant role.
Eczema can manifest in any breed and can be triggered at any age, highlighting the importance of early detection and consistent care to help your pup lead a comfortable life.
Genetic Factors
Much like in humans, certain dogs are genetically predisposed to develop eczema. Breeds such as Bulldogs, Golden and Labrador Retrievers, Wheaton Terriers, West Highland White Terriers, Jack Russell Terriers, Boston Terriers, Pitbulls, Boxers, Shar Peis, Shih Tzus, Weimaraners, Dalmations, and Lhasa Apsos are more susceptible.
Environmental Triggers
Dogs can develop eczema in reaction to environmental irritants like pollen, dust mites, flea bites, mold, or even specific ingredients found in their food. Prolonged exposure to these can exacerbate the condition.
Can An Allergy Trigger Dog Eczema?
Yes, allergies can trigger eczema. Allergenic reactions to foods (i.e., beef or dairy), fleabites, and contact allergies (from carpets or cleaners) can cause eczema flare-ups.
What Are Signs And Symptoms Of Dog Eczema?
Symptoms of dog eczema may include:
- Itching and Redness: The most apparent symptom is persistent scratching, licking, or chewing the irritated area.
- Skin Changes: Look for redness, rashes, and areas with hair loss or infections.
Signs your dog may exhibit include:
- Constantly rubbing up against furniture.
- Exhibiting signs of pain.
- Matted hair.
- Crusty, flaky skin.
How Is Dog Eczema Diagnosed?
In order for your veterinarian to make a diagnosis of dog eczema or atopic dermatitis, your vet will likely perform procedures such as:
- Skin Scrapings.
- Blood Tests.
- Allergy Testing.
The results of these tests can help your veterinarian determine the cause of your dog’s atopic dermatitis.
Is Eczema In Dogs Contagious?
When considering eczema in your dog, it’s natural to wonder if the condition poses a risk to other pets or family members in the household. You can rest assured that eczema, specifically atopic dermatitis in dogs, is not a contagious skin condition. Here’s why:
Eczema Cause
The root cause of eczema in dogs is typically a genetic predisposition to allergic reactions. This is related to the immune response rather than an external infection.
Non-Transmittable
The condition cannot be transferred from one dog to another, nor can it spread to humans from dogs.
Trigger Factors
Several factors might trigger eczema in dogs, including allergens (like dust mites or pollen), diet, and environmental stressors. None of these are transferable conditions.
Secondary Infections
Although the eczema itself is not contagious, the damaged skin can lead to secondary infections, which, in some cases, might be contagious depending on the pathogen involved.
What Else Should I Be Aware Of If My Dog Has Eczema?
Here is additional information you should be aware of if your dog is diagnosed with atopic dermatitis.
Immune System
Dogs with eczema might have a compromised skin barrier function, leading to more occurrences of skin infections.
Veterinary Care
If your dog has eczema, regular veterinary checks are necessary to prevent and manage secondary infections effectively.
Hygiene
It’s important to maintain good hygiene for your dog to prevent the development of secondary infections that could have contagious elements.
Remember, while your dog’s eczema is not itself contagious, any accompanying symptoms should be evaluated by a veterinarian to ensure they are managed properly and to maintain the health of your dog.
Treatment and Management
When addressing atopic dermatitis, the focus is on alleviating your dog’s discomfort and preventing future flare-ups. Effective management often involves a combination of veterinary treatments and home care strategies.
Veterinary Treatments
Your veterinarian may prescribe medications to control your dog’s eczema. These can include:
- Topical treatments: Medications such as corticosteroid creams that reduce inflammation and itchiness.
- Oral medications: Antihistamines or corticosteroids to manage severe symptoms.
- Antibiotics or antifungal medications: These are used if there is a secondary infection due to excessive scratching.
Make sure to take your dog for follow up visits so your veterinarian can monitor their progress and make any changes to their treatment plan if needed.
Home Remedies and Prevention
To complement veterinary treatments, consider these home remedies and preventive measures:
- Maintain a clean environment to reduce potential skin irritants.
- Use hypoallergenic shampoos during baths to soothe the skin.
- Omega-3 supplements can improve skin health and reduce inflammation.
- Regularly brushing your dog’s coat can help distribute natural oils and remove allergens.
Preventing eczema from developing or worsening is preferable to treating it after the fact. Identifying and avoiding known triggers is key to your dog’s comfort and health.
Does Dog Eczema Go Away?
Dog eczema can be chronic or acute, and while it may not permanently go away, symptoms can be effectively managed.
Your veterinarian will work with you to identify triggers and develop a long-term management plan to minimize flare-ups.
What Is The Impact of Diet on Eczema?
Your dog’s diet can play a significant role in the management of eczema. Certain foods may trigger or exacerbate the symptoms, while others could potentially help to reduce them.
Common Dietary Triggers:
- Allergens: Beef, dairy, and wheat are common allergens that might worsen eczema.
- Preservatives and Additives: Some dogs may have sensitivities to artificial ingredients found in processed foods.
Nutrient Considerations:
- Fatty Acids: Omega-3 fatty acids can help improve skin, maintain a shiny coat, and decrease inflammation.
- Vitamins and Minerals: Some skin disorders in dogs have been shown to be associated with certain vitamin and mineral deficiencies such as biotin, Vitamin E, and zinc.
Dietary Adjustments:
- Hypoallergenic Diet: Switching to a hypoallergenic or limited ingredient diet can help you identify and eliminate food allergens.
- Balanced Homemade Meals: Preparing a balanced homemade diet, designed by a veterinary nutritionist, may support skin health.
By tailoring your dog’s diet, you may be able to help manage their eczema symptoms and improve their skin health.
Dealing With Chronic Cases
Chronic eczema in dogs requires a long-term management plan. You’ll need to focus on reducing exposure to allergens, controlling itchiness, and preventing secondary infections.
Regular Baths and Skincare
- Use medicated shampoos: Antifungal or antiseptic properties may alleviate symptoms.
- Follow with conditioners: These can help to soothe your dog’s skin and protect it from allergens.
Environmental Controls
- Limit exposure to known allergens: Pollen, dust mites, molds, and dander.
- Clean your home regularly: Vacuuming and dusting can reduce the presence of allergens.
Medication Regimen
- Immunotherapy: Specially formulated to help your dog’s immune system build tolerance to allergens over time.
- Cytopoint: This injectable can help control itchiness for 4 to 8 weeks.
- Antihistamines and corticosteroids: May be used to reduce inflammation and itching.
Nutritional Support
- Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acid supplements: These support skin health and can reduce skin inflammation.
- Consider a hypoallergenic diet: Your veterinarian can suggest specific foods designed for dogs with allergies.
By maintaining a strict and thorough management plan, you can effectively manage your dog’s chronic eczema and improve their quality of life. Regular check-ins with your veterinarian are vital to adjust the treatment plan as necessary.
Dog eczema, or atopic dermatitis, can be treated by helping your dog manage their symptoms. Speak to your veterinarian to come up with a treatment plan that works for you and your dog. Medicated shampoos, change of diet, and possibly medication can all be used to help your dog feel better. If you notice any signs or symptoms of dog eczema in your pup, schedule an appointment with your veterinarian to have them examined.
For more information on atopic dermatitis: Merck Veterinary Manual, Cornell Canine Health Center.
Please check out our other posts on Health, Indoor, Outdoor, and Travel accessories for your dog, as well as Reviews of various products and travel destinations.