One of our dogs had arthritis in her hips as she got older. She had a very difficult time sitting and it took a while to stand up after laying down for any length of time. It can be heartbreaking to see, but arthritis in dogs is a common problem for many pups, especially as they get older.
This post will look at what arthritis in dogs is, signs and symptoms to watch out for, types of arthritis, how it is diagnosed, and treatment options and management strategies you can implement.
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Related: Best Dog Bed For Older Dogs With Arthritis
Disclaimer: This post is meant to be informative and should not be taken as medical advice. Talk to your veterinarian regarding any health concerns you may have for your dog.
What Is Arthritis In Dogs?
Arthritis is a common joint problem that affects many dogs as they age. It causes pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
Arthritis in dogs can stem from various factors. Age is a big one – older dogs are more prone to it. Injuries, like fractures or ligament tears, can lead to arthritis later. Some breeds are at higher risk due to their size or shape.
Obesity puts extra stress on joints, making arthritis worse.
Infections and immune system issues can also play a role.
Poor nutrition during a dog’s growth stage might set the stage for future joint problems.
Genetics can make some dogs more likely to get arthritis.
Large breeds often develop it earlier than small ones.
What Are Common Signs And Symptoms Of Arthritis In Dogs?
Look for changes in your dog’s behavior and movement. They might:
- Limp or favor certain legs.
- Move slower or seem stiff.
- Have trouble getting up or lying down.
- Show less interest in play or walks.
- Lick or chew at certain joints.
- Appear grumpy or less social.
Your dog may also sleep more or gain weight due to less activity. Some dogs might yelp or whine when touched in sore spots. Watch for changes in how they climb stairs or jump into the car.
What Are The Different Types Of Arthritis In Dogs?
Different types of arthritis can affect dogs, including:
- Osteoarthritis: The most common type, caused by wear and tear on joints.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disease that attacks joint tissue.
- Septic arthritis: Caused by infections in the joint.
Osteoarthritis often affects hips, knees, elbows, and lower back. It gets worse over time.
Rheumatoid arthritis is less common but can be more severe.
Septic arthritis needs quick treatment to prevent lasting damage.
Each type may need different treatments. Your veterinarian can help figure out which kind your dog has.
How Is Arthritis In Dogs Diagnosed?
Diagnosing arthritis in dogs requires a thorough veterinary evaluation. Your veterinarian will use several methods to determine if your dog has arthritis and how severe it is.
Physical Examination
Your veterinarian will start by asking about your dog’s symptoms and medical history. They’ll watch how your dog walks and moves. Your veterinarian will feel your dog’s joints for swelling, pain, or reduced range of motion.
They may gently bend and extend the joints to check for stiffness. Your veterinarian will look for signs of muscle loss around affected joints. They’ll also check for changes in your dog’s posture or gait that could indicate arthritis pain.
Imaging Techniques
X-rays are the most common imaging test for arthritis. They show bone changes like spurs or narrowed joint spaces. Your veterinarian may take x-rays of multiple joints to compare them.
In some cases, more advanced imaging might be needed:
- CT scans provide detailed 3D images of bones and joints.
- MRI can show soft tissue damage in and around joints.
- Ultrasound can detect joint fluid buildup or ligament tears.
These tests help your veterinarian see the full extent of joint damage and plan treatment.
Laboratory Tests
Blood tests can rule out other causes of joint pain like infections or immune disorders. Your veterinarian may recommend testing your dog’s blood for inflammation markers.
Joint fluid analysis can be useful. Your veterinarian will take a small sample of fluid from the affected joint with a needle. They’ll examine it for signs of infection, inflammation, or joint disease.
In some cases, your veterinarian might suggest a biopsy of joint tissue. This can help diagnose rare joint conditions that mimic arthritis.
What Treatment Options Are Available For Dog Arthritis?
Treating arthritis in dogs involves several approaches to manage pain and improve quality of life. Veterinarians often combine different methods for the best results.
Medications
Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs are common for dogs with arthritis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help reduce swelling and discomfort. Your veterinarian may prescribe meloxicam, carprofen, or other NSAIDs made for dogs.
Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements can support joint health. These may slow cartilage breakdown and ease pain.
Some veterinarians suggest CBD oil for arthritis pain in dogs. While promising, more research is needed on its effects.
Always follow your veterinarian’s instructions for dosage and use. Never give human pain medications to dogs, as they can be harmful.
Physical Therapy
Exercise keeps joints flexible and muscles strong. Short, gentle walks help maintain mobility. Swimming is great for dogs with arthritis because it’s low-impact.
Massage can improve blood flow and reduce stiffness. Gentle stretching may also help. Ask your veterinarian to show you proper techniques.
Cold and heat therapy can ease pain. Apply ice packs for 10-15 minutes to reduce swelling. Use warm compresses to relax muscles and increase flexibility.
Physical therapy sessions with a canine rehab specialist can be very beneficial. They may use techniques like:
- Underwater treadmills.
- Balance exercises.
- Ultrasound therapy.
Dietary Management
A healthy diet helps maintain a good weight for your dog. Extra pounds put more stress on sore joints.
Omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation. Fish oil supplements or foods high in omega-3s may help.
Some special diets are made for dogs with joint issues. They often include:
- Glucosamine and chondroitin.
- Antioxidants.
- Essential fatty acids.
Talk to your veterinarian about the best food choices for your dog’s needs.
Some dog foods available for dogs with arthritis include:
Royal Canin
- Available in Joint Care and Mobility Support.
Hills Prescription Diet j/d
Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diet JM
Surgical Interventions
Surgery is sometimes needed for severe arthritis. Options depend on the affected joint and your dog’s overall health.
Joint replacement can help in some cases. Hip and elbow replacements are most common.
Arthroscopy allows veterinarians to see inside joints and remove damaged tissue. This is less invasive than open surgery.
Fusion surgery might be used for badly damaged joints. This stops painful movement but limits flexibility.
Discuss surgical options carefully with your veterinarian. Consider the risks, recovery time, and potential benefits for your dog’s quality of life.
Managing Arthritis In Dogs At Home
Caring for a dog with arthritis can be done effectively at home. Focus on exercise, home adaptations, and complementary therapies to improve your dog’s comfort and mobility.
Exercise And Weight Control
Keep your dog active with low-impact exercises. Swimming and short walks are great options. These activities help maintain muscle strength and joint flexibility without putting too much stress on sore joints.
Control your dog’s weight through proper diet and exercise. Extra pounds put more strain on arthritic joints. Talk to your veterinarian about the right food and portion sizes for your dog.
Use puzzle toys and slow feeders to make mealtimes more engaging. This can help prevent overeating and keep your dog mentally stimulated.
Home Modifications
Make your home safer and more comfortable for your arthritic dog. Put non-slip mats on slippery floors to prevent falls. Use ramps or steps to help your dog get on furniture or into the car.
Provide a soft, supportive bed to ease pressure on joints. Orthopedic dog beds can offer extra comfort. Place the bed in a warm, draft-free area to help soothe achy joints.
Raise food and water bowls to a comfortable height. This can reduce neck strain when eating and drinking.
Complementary Therapies
Try gentle massage to improve circulation and ease muscle tension. Ask your veterinarian to show you proper techniques.
Apply warm compresses to stiff joints before activity. Use cold packs after exercise to reduce swelling.
Consider acupuncture or physical therapy. These treatments can help manage pain and improve mobility in some dogs.
Look into supplements like glucosamine and omega-3 fatty acids. They may help support joint health. Always check with your veterinarian before starting any new supplements.
Arthritis in dogs is common as they get older. It may be difficult to see your dog this way, but as mentioned above, there are several ways you can support them and help them be more comfortable, from a more supportive bed, to supplements, to your exercise routine. There are options available, so talk to your veterinarian to see what is best for your dog’s condition.
For more information on arthritis in dogs, please see VCA Animal Hospitals, PetMd, and Colorado State University James E.Voss Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
Please check out our other posts on Health, Indoor, Outdoor, and Travel accessories for your dog, as well as Reviews of various products and travel destinations.